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  • Item type: Publicação , Access status: Acesso embargado ,
    The making of European Portugal
    (2026-09-14) Fernandes, Catarina Príncipe Leal Azevedo; Rodrigues, João Pedro Amaral Cabouco; Chibber, Vivek Aslam
    This dissertation examines European integration as a process of state transformation and capitalist restructuring, using Portugal as a strategic case of peripheral incorporation into European capitalism. It traces how a state born from the revolutionary rupture of 1974-75 was progressively reorganized into a “member state” whose institutional form and political economy became subordinated to the imperatives of supranational capitalism. This study situates Portugal’s trajectory within the longer political economy of European integration, emphasizing its role in reconstituting class power and disciplining peripheral economies. The central argument is that, for peripheral member states, productive specialization and accumulation regimes are not the outcome of autonomous national development but of European overdetermination. Through accession to the European Communities, the Portuguese state actively mediated the recomposition of its capitalist class, facilitating a shift toward a finance-construction-services growth model marked by external dependence and structural indebtedness. European integration thus functioned not as a constraint external to the state, but as the institutional framework through which the state redefined its role in organizing accumulation. Methodologically, the dissertation combines historical materialism with critical realism, employing retroduction to link observable policy shifts and institutional reforms to deeper structural mechanisms of capitalist reproduction and state selectivity. The study focuses specifically on the post-revolutionary period (1976) until the official adhesion (1986). By reconstructing the Portuguese experience, the study contributes to debates on European integration and Marxist state theory, demonstrating that supranational integration has reconfigured, rather than displaced, the capitalist state, entrenching hierarchical core-periphery relations and depoliticizing economic governance across Europe.
  • Item type: Item , Access status: Acesso aberto ,
    Building optimized wireless pedestrian counting sensors combining passive and active technologies
    (2025) Vieira, T.; Paiva, S.; Marinheiro, R. N.; Brito e Abreu, F.
    Pedestrian flow monitoring plays a vital role in urban planning, transportation management, and smart city or tourism applications. However, monitoring is often needed in challenging scenarios with spatial constraints, low traffic, no power supply, and poor network connectivity, such as birdwatching observatories or open-air heritage sites. This paper presents a cost-effective, energy-efficient pedestrian counting system tailored for such isolated locations. The system uses two pairs of active infrared (AIR) sensors to count individuals and determine movement direction. To reduce energy consumption, passive infrared (PIR) sensors are used to trigger both the AIR detectors and an IoT board that handles local processing and communication. Depending on local conditions, LoRaWAN or Wi-Fi is used for uplink communication, allowing flexible deployment. The architecture is built with open-source software and off-the-shelf hardware, supporting low-cost real-world implementation. A comparative analysis of several AIR detectors was conducted, assessing power consumption, detection accuracy, susceptibility to interference, and horizontal beam angle. This fills a gap in the literature regarding the systematic evaluation of AIR sensors. Results highlight the effectiveness of the proposed system in achieving both accuracy and energy efficiency, supporting non-intrusive pedestrian monitoring in various smart city and tourism contexts. The system is currently being deployed and evaluated in the Tagus Estuary Bird Observation and Conservation Area (EVOA).
  • Item type: Item , Access status: Acesso aberto ,
    Core arrangement optimization of a 12-core weakly-coupled fibre for unidirectional transmission
    (2026) Papafilippou, K.; Rebola, J.; Cartaxo, A.
    Weakly-coupled multi-core fibres (WC-MCFs) are a strong candidate for short-reach space-division multiplexing; however, inter-core crosstalk (ICXT) remains a primary performance bottleneck for high core-count, being highly dependent on core positioning. In this work, a core arrangement optimization framework based on Sequential Quadratic Programming with a multi-start strategy is proposed to minimize the total ICXT in homogeneous trench-assisted WC-MCFs (TA-WC-MCFs) with a high number of cores for unidirectional transmission, in the C and L-bands. The proposed method identifies an optimal core arrangement of a 12-core WC-MCF, which remains unchanged across different wavelengths and fibre lengths. The optimized arrangement achieves a 0.5 dB ICXT improvement over the best reported in literature, enabling longer link distances.