Behind monosexual norms: A scoping review of bisexual experiences in southern Europe

Abstract

Bisexual individuals remain significantly underrepresented in research, practice, and policy, particularly beyond Anglophone contexts. This scoping review aims to map and synthesize empirical studies on the lived experiences of bisexual (bi +) populations in Southern Europe. Our research goal was to examine the types of studies, main themes, and forms of evidence used between 2010 and 2024 to explore bi + experiences within psychology, sociology, and gender studies. Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, we conducted a systematic search across five databases (PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses), using terms such as bisexual, pansexual, plurisexual, and non-monosexual. A total of 935 records were identified. Gray literature was also reviewed (n = 12,433). The screening processes were conducted using Rayyan software. After analysis, 16 studies met inclusion and quality criteria. The findings reveal a sparse, uneven empirical landscape, with most studies conducted in Italy. There is a notable lack of research addressing how bi + individuals experience their identities in everyday life, especially within cultural, religious, and sociopolitical contexts that may act as both stressors and sources of resilience. We can conclude that the lack of consensus regarding terminology is a challenge for research on bisexual experiences. In addition, the main areas of research addresses by studies included (i) health and well-being, (ii) intersectional bisexual experiences and monosexism and (iii) binegativity. This review underscores the need for context-sensitive intersectional research and prompts a call for inclusive policies, competency-based education, and efforts to dismantle heteronormative and monosexist structures across health, education, and social services.