Why (not) belong? Determinants of membership in sociological associations: Evidence from Portugal

Abstract

Professional associations have played a central role in shaping professional status and autonomy, though their composition and relevance vary across contexts. This article examines associativism among Portuguese sociologists. Based on an online survey of 873 sociology graduates, it analyses sociodemographic, educational and professional factors associated with membership. Results show that affiliation is more frequent among older sociologists, men and PhD holders. It is also higher among those whose work matches their training, civil servants and professionals linked to academia, including grant-holders, researchers and teachers. The findings reveal a divide between academic and non-academic sociologists, with associations mainly attracting those in academic contexts. This pattern reflects a university culture that values associativism, while professionals outside academia perceive fewer tangible benefits. The article concludes with strategies to strengthen inclusiveness and relevance.