Geoarbitrage at the meso level: How intermediaries shape Chinese migration to Portugal

Abstract

This paper examines the practice of geoarbitrage, as carried out by middle-level private actors when engaging with Chinese migrants aspiring to access the Golden Visa programme in Portugal. Based on interviews with experts and Chinese migrants, content analysis of migration policies as well as of online promotional materials produced by migration consultants, we investigate the role of intermediaries in the (re)production of Portugal's desirability as a mobility destination for relatively wealthy Chinese migrants. While the concept of geoarbitrage has been mainly used regarding the micro-level of mobility decision-making, we hereby extend it to shed light on how intermediaries act as geoarbiters between legal frameworks and migrants' aspirations and resources. By examining the role of the meso-level actors involved in the geoarbitrage between Portugal and China, we aim to edify the enduring appeal of Portugal as a desirable destination for wealthy Asian migrants and to discuss key policy implications.