The social work practice in the assessment of the best interests of the child in Lithuania and Latvia

Abstract

The assessment of the best interests of the child is a foundational principle in child protection, rooted in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC). This study explores how social workers in Lithuania and Latvia operationalize this principle in practice while navigating socio-legal systems. Drawing upon ecological systems theory, complexity theory, and critical theory, the research utilizes a qualitative approach involving semi-structured interviews with social workers and document analysis of relevant laws, methodological tools, and national guidelines. Key findings reveal that while social workers prioritize child-centered assessments, their ability to consistently uphold the best interests principle is limited by systemic challenges. These challenges include inadequate resources, challenges in interprofessional collaboration, and procedural rigidity. The study also highlights how cultural values, legal mandates, and power dynamics shape assessment outcomes, often resulting in tensions between policy ideals and practice realities. Through theoretical and methodological triangulation, this research emphasizes the need for enhanced training, supportive supervision, child-inclusive methods, and structural reforms to align national child protection systems with international standards. It contributes to a deeper understanding of the complexities social workers face and their critical role in promoting children's rights and well-being. ii