As relações sociais e bem-estar nos refugiados e imigrantes

Abstract

A investigação visa compreender qual o impacto que o Suporte social formal e informal representa no Bem-estar social, Bem-estar Subjetivo e Bem-estar psicológico nos indivíduos refugiados e migrantes acolhidos em Portugal. Deste modo, procurou-se compreender a relação existente entre o Suporte social e os três diferentes tipos de Bem-estar, e por outro lado, pretendeu explorar as possíveis diferenças no Suporte social percebido entre os participantes de diferentes origens. Assim, para avaliar o Suporte social utilizou-se o The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (Zimet el al., 1988), conjuntamente com cinco itens desenvolvidos para a presente investigação para avaliar o Suporte social formal, o Bem-estar social foi avaliado através do Social Well-Being Scales (Keyes, 1998), o Bem-estar subjetivo através do instrumento The Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener et al., 1985) e, por último, o Bem-estar psicológico mediante o Scales of Psychological Well-Being (Ryff & Keyes, 1995). O estudo resulta numa amostra total de 47 participantes, cerca de 27 pessoas ucranianas e 20 pessoas provenientes de quatro países africanos (Costa do Marfim, Guiné Conakri, Nigéria e Camarões). Os resultados demonstraram que existe uma relação positiva entre o Suporte social formal com o Bem-estar psicológico e o Bem-estar social assim como o Suporte social informal proveniente dos amigos com o Bem-estar psicológico. Constatou-se que as mulheres reportam maiores níveis de Suporte social global comparativamente aos homens e observaram-se diferenças significativas entre os indivíduos ucranianos e os indivíduos provenientes de países africanos, relativamente ao Suporte social formal e Suporte social informal proveniente dos amigos.

The research aims to understand the impact that formal and informal social support has on social well-being, subjective well-being and psychological well-being in refugees and migrants hosted in Portugal. Thus, the study sought to understand the relationship between social support and the three different types of well-being, and to explore possible differences in perceived social support among participants from different origins. Thus, to assess social support we used The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (Zimet el al., 1988), together with five items developed for this research to assess Formal Social Support, social well-being was assessed through the Social Well-Being Scales (Keyes, 1998), subjective well-being through The Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener et al., 1985) and, finally, psychological well-being through the Scales of Psychological Well-Being (Ryff & Keyes, 1995). The study results in a total sample of 47 participants, about 27 Ukrainian people and 20 people from four African countries (Costa do Marfim, Guinea Conakri, Nigeria and Cameroon). The results showed that there is a positive relationship between formal Social Support with psychological well-being and social well-being as well as informal Social Support from friends with psychological well-being. Women were found to report higher levels of overall Social Support compared to men and significant differences were observed between Ukrainian individuals and individuals from African countries in relation to Formal Social Support and Informal Social Support from friends.